Install MongoDB Linux

danger

Caution about this caution:

mongodb official caution

The mongodb package provided by Debian is not maintained by MongoDB Inc. and conflicts with the official mongodb-org package. If you have already installed the mongodb package on your Debian system, you must first uninstall the mongodb package before proceeding with these instructions.

danger

Although the mongodb staff is trying to fix the situation, it only makes things worse. "Would that it were so simple!"

Configure Install Settings

1. Import the MongoDB public GPG Key

wget -qO - https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-6.0.asc | sudo apt-key add -

Should be 'OK'.

If not, see: mongodb.com: Import The Public Key

2. Create a 'list file' for MongoDB

First, check your Debian version:

lsb_release -a

info

You can check the availability of MongoDB distro for your version of Debian. Open https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/, click to Debian, and try to find your version.

Edit code below depend on your version of Debian:

echo "deb http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian bullseye/mongodb-org/6.0 main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-6.0.list

Run the above command.

3. Reload local package database

sudo apt-get update

4. Install the MongoDB packages

latest
specific

sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org

sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org=6.0.3 mongodb-org-database=6.0.3 mongodb-org-server=6.0.3 mongodb-mongosh=6.0.3 mongodb-org-mongos=6.0.3 mongodb-org-tools=6.0.3

Although you can specify any available version of MongoDB, apt-get will upgrade the packages when a newer version becomes available.

To prevent unintended upgrades see mongodb.com: Install The Mongodb Packages.

After install mongodb-org (6.0)

~ $ sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  mongodb-mongosh mongodb-org-database mongodb-org-database-tools-extra mongodb-org-mongos mongodb-org-server
  mongodb-org-shell mongodb-org-tools
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  mongodb-mongosh mongodb-org mongodb-org-database mongodb-org-database-tools-extra mongodb-org-mongos mongodb-org-server
  mongodb-org-shell mongodb-org-tools
0 upgraded, 8 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 49.2 MB/86.9 MB of archives.
After this operation, 464 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian bullseye/mongodb-org/6.0/main amd64 mongodb-org-shell amd64 6.0.3 [3,080 B]
Get:2 http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian bullseye/mongodb-org/6.0/main amd64 mongodb-org-server amd64 6.0.3 [28.9 MB]
Get:3 http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian bullseye/mongodb-org/6.0/main amd64 mongodb-org-mongos amd64 6.0.3 [20.3 MB]
Get:4 http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian bullseye/mongodb-org/6.0/main amd64 mongodb-org-database-tools-extra amd64 6.0.3 [7,752 B]
Get:5 http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian bullseye/mongodb-org/6.0/main amd64 mongodb-org-database amd64 6.0.3 [3,540 B]
Get:6 http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian bullseye/mongodb-org/6.0/main amd64 mongodb-org-tools amd64 6.0.3 [2,892 B]
Get:7 http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian bullseye/mongodb-org/6.0/main amd64 mongodb-org amd64 6.0.3 [2,932 B]
Fetched 49.2 MB in 7s (6,612 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-mongosh.
(Reading database ... 489953 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../0-mongodb-mongosh_1.6.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mongodb-mongosh (1.6.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-org-shell.
Preparing to unpack .../1-mongodb-org-shell_6.0.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mongodb-org-shell (6.0.3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-org-server.
Preparing to unpack .../2-mongodb-org-server_6.0.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mongodb-org-server (6.0.3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-org-mongos.
Preparing to unpack .../3-mongodb-org-mongos_6.0.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mongodb-org-mongos (6.0.3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-org-database-tools-extra.
Preparing to unpack .../4-mongodb-org-database-tools-extra_6.0.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mongodb-org-database-tools-extra (6.0.3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-org-database.
Preparing to unpack .../5-mongodb-org-database_6.0.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mongodb-org-database (6.0.3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-org-tools.
Preparing to unpack .../6-mongodb-org-tools_6.0.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mongodb-org-tools (6.0.3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-org.
Preparing to unpack .../7-mongodb-org_6.0.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mongodb-org (6.0.3) ...
Setting up mongodb-mongosh (1.6.1) ...
Setting up mongodb-org-server (6.0.3) ...
System has not been booted with systemd as init system (PID 1). Can't operate.
Failed to connect to bus: Host is down
Setting up mongodb-org-shell (6.0.3) ...
Setting up mongodb-org-mongos (6.0.3) ...
Setting up mongodb-org-database-tools-extra (6.0.3) ...
Setting up mongodb-org-database (6.0.3) ...
Setting up mongodb-org-tools (6.0.3) ...
Setting up mongodb-org (6.0.3) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ...

danger

After endlessly trying to install MongoDB, I ran sudo apt-get install gnupg and found that mongodb-database-tools was also installed:

~ $ sudo apt-get install gnupg
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
gnupg is already the newest version (2.2.27-2+deb11u2).
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
  mongodb-database-tools
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.

So if you're stuck like me, you should:

apt list | grep mongodb-database-tools  # check
sudo apt-get install mongodb-database-tools # install

Configure after Install

Check Unix `ulimit` settings

ulimit -a   # show all limits

Recommended ulimit Settings
-f (file size): unlimited
-t (cpu time): unlimited
-v (virtual memory): unlimited
-l (locked-in-memory size): unlimited
-n (open files): 64000
-m (memory size): unlimited
-u (processes/threads): 64000
Source: UNIX ulimit Settings

official warning

Since MongoDB 4.4, if -n is less than 64000, a startup error is generated.

Change `ulimit`

In my case I need change:

-n  (nofile)   1024   ->  64000
-l  (memlock)  64     ->  unlimited
-u  (nproc)    63371  ->  64000

Add to the end of the 3 files below as root:

 /etc/security/limits.conf
*               soft    nofile          64000
*               hard    nofile          64000
*               soft    memlock         unlimited
*               hard    memlock         unlimited
*               soft    nproc           64000
*               hard    nproc           64000

/etc/pam.d/common-session
```
session required        pam_limits.so
```
/etc/pam.d/common-session-noninteractive
```
session required        pam_limits.so
```

Re-login (no reboot required) and check:

$ ulimit -n -Hn -Sn
open files                          (-n) 64000
open files                          (-n) 64000  # Hard limit
open files                          (-n) 64000  # Soft limit

And two other limits in a similar way...

Source: superuser.com: 1200818

Default Directories

Automatically created dirs:

/var/lib/mongodb - data files
/var/log/mongodb - log files

official caution

If you installed MongoDB by downloading the tarballs, you must create these directories manually.

Possible Permission Issues

These commands may help you:

sudo mkdir -p /data/db
sudo chmod -R go+w /data/db

# or

sudo chown -R $USER /data/db

sudo chown -R mongod:mongod /var/lib/mongodb
sudo chown -R mongod:mongod /var/log/mongodb
sudo chown mongod:mongod /etc/mongod.conf

sudo chown mongod:mongod /var/run/mongod.pid

mongod --repair

Run MongoDB

Start MongoDB Directly

Source: learn.microsoft.com: Install Mongodb

If you cannot start MongoDB as a service, you can try starting it directly:

mongod --version                # Get the version number
mkdir -p ~/data/db              # Make a directory to store data
sudo mongod --dbpath ~/data/db  # Run a Mongo instance
ps -e | grep 'mongod'           # Check to see that your MongoDB instance is running

Start MongoDB as a Service

First, check which init system your platform uses:

ps --no-headers -o comm 1

Start MongoDB depend on your output:

init
systemd

Download the init.d script:

danger

This variant Doesn't work! (at the moment: 01/12/2022):

curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mongodb/mongo/master/debian/init.d | sudo tee /etc/init.d/mongod >/dev/null

use this:

curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mongodb/mongo/cad54eb5ebdff24ecec53b56788cd151d8d64272/debian/init.d | sudo tee /etc/init.d/mongod >/dev/null

Source: stackoverflow.com: 74190626

Assign that script executable permissions:

sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/mongod

Now you can use MongoDB service commands:

sudo service mongod start   # start
sudo service mongod status  # verify
sudo service mongod stop    # stop
sudo service mongod restart # restart

Logs & Settings

You can view the logs, find the lines with errors and try to fix them:

cat /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log

Useful information about MongoDB settings can be found here:

/etc/mongod.conf
/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service

Begin Using MongoDB

official note

The legacy mongo shell is no longer included in server packages as of MongoDB 6.0. mongo has been superseded by the new MongoDB Shell ( mongosh )

Start mongoDB shell:

mongosh

Quick mongosh examples

Initial mongosh command line:

test>

Create database "first":

test> use first

Insert one item:

first> db.pizza.insertOne({type: "Cheese"})

Insert many items:

first> db.pizza.insertMany([{type: "Veggie"},{type: "Olive"}])

Show all items:

first> db.pizza.find()

Remove all items:

db.pizza.deleteMany({})

`localhost` issue in `node`

caution

If you are using latest nodejs (v17.x and above) , use 127.0.0.1 instead of localhost:

index.js
const mongoose = require("mongoose");   # MongoDB library
...
const DB_URL = "mongodb://localhost/first";  # Error
const DB_URL = "mongodb://127.0.0.1/first";  # Work!
...

Uninstall MongoDB

ls -l /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-6.0.list

sudo service mongod stop
sudo apt-get purge mongodb-org*

sudo rm -r /var/log/mongodb
sudo rm -r /var/lib/mongodb

danger

These commands will delete your databases!!!

sudo rm -rf /data/db/*
sudo rm -rf /tmp/mongod*

Source

mongodb.com: Install Mongodb Community Edition On Debian

Configure Install Settings​

1. Import the MongoDB public GPG Key​

2. Create a 'list file' for MongoDB​

3. Reload local package database​

4. Install the MongoDB packages​

Configure after Install​

Check Unix ulimit settings​

Recommended ulimit Settings​

Change ulimit​

Default Directories​

Run MongoDB​

Start MongoDB as a Service​

Begin Using MongoDB​

localhost issue in node​

Uninstall MongoDB​

Source​

Configure Install Settings

1. Import the MongoDB public GPG Key

2. Create a 'list file' for MongoDB

3. Reload local package database

4. Install the MongoDB packages

Configure after Install

Check Unix `ulimit` settings

Recommended `ulimit` Settings

Change `ulimit`

Default Directories

Run MongoDB

Start MongoDB as a Service

Begin Using MongoDB

`localhost` issue in `node`

Uninstall MongoDB

Source